1. Overall Structure of the Loader Working Device
The working device is the component of the underground loader that is responsible for scooping and transporting materials. Its structure and performance directly affect the overall working dimensions and performance parameters of the machine.The working device shown in the figure below is a Z-type reverse six-bar mechanism, consisting of a bucket, a boom, connecting rods, a rocker arm, a swing cylinder, and a lifting cylinder.
2. Working Principle and Process of the Loader Working Device
The underground loader is a self-propelled device that integrates loading and unloading operations. Its working process can be reflected in the working device, and the various working conditions of the working device are jointly determined by the lengths of the lifting cylinder and the swing cylinder. The working process consists of five conditions:
Insertion Condition: The boom is lowered, and the bucket is placed on the ground with the bucket tip touching the ground, forming an angle of 30° to 50° with the ground. The underground loader is activated, allowing the bucket to insert into the material pile using the machine's traction.
Loading Condition: After the bucket is inserted into the material pile, the bucket is rotated to scoop the material until the bucket lip is nearly horizontal.
Lifting Condition: After scooping, the lifting cylinder is used to rotate the boom to an appropriate unloading position.
Unloading Condition: At the unloading point, the swing cylinder is utilized to tilt the bucket, unloading the material into a shaft bin or transport vehicle. Once the bucket is empty, the boom is lowered to return the bucket to the transport position.
Automatic Leveling Condition: After unloading at the highest lifting position (45°), the swing cylinder length remains unchanged while lowering the boom to the digging position, resulting in a rear corner of the bucket bottom that forms an angle of 30° to 50° with the ground plane.
